Historical Financial Crises

• Great Depression (1929)
• Dot-com bubble (2000)
• 2008 Global Financial Crisis
• Common patterns and triggers

Causes of Crises

• Excessive leverage
• Speculative bubbles
• Weak regulation and oversight
• Global interconnectedness

Investor Lessons

• Diversify across sectors and regions
• Maintain liquidity
• Understand risk tolerance
• Learn from history to avoid repeating mistakes